Article 1. The President of the Republic, the President of the Supreme Federal Court and the members of the National Congress shall take an oath to maintain, defend and comply with the Constitution, upon and on the date of the promulgation thereof.

Article 2. On September 7, 1993, the voters shall define, through a plebiscite, the form (republic or constitutional monarchy and system of government (parliamentary or presidential) to be in force in Brazil.

Paragraph I - The free diffusion of these forms and systems through public utility mass communication vehicles shall be free of charge.

Paragraph 2 - The Superior Electoral Court shall, upon promulgation of the Constitution, issue the regulatory rules for this article.

Article 3. The revision of the Constitution shall be effected after five years as of its promulgation, by the vote of the absolute majority of the members of the National Congress in a unicameral session.

Article 4.The term of office of the incumbent President of the Republic shall end on March 15, 1990.

Paragraph I - The first election for President of the Republic after promulgation of the Constitution shall be held on November 15, 1989, and the provisions of article 16 of the Constitution shall not apply thereto.

Paragraph 2 - The irreducibility of the present representation of the states and the Federal District in the Chamber of Deputies is ensured

Paragraph 3 - The terms of office of the Governors and of the Vice-Governors elected on November 15, 1986 shall end on March 15, 1991.

Paragraph 4 - The terms of office of the present Mayors, Vice-Mayors and City Councilmen shall end on January 1, 1989, with the inauguration of those elected.

Article 5.The provisions of article 16 and the rules of article 77 of the Constitution do not apply to the elections scheduled for November 15 198X

Paragraph 1 - For the elections of November 15,1988, an electoral domicile in the electoral district of at least four months prior to the election shall be required, and the candidates who fulfill this requirement and satisfy the other legal requisites may register with the Electoral Courts after the Constitution is promulgated.

Paragraph 2 - In the absence of a specific legal rule, it shall be incumbent upon the Superior Electoral Court to issue the rules required to hold the 198B elections, with due regard for the laws in force.

Paragraph 3 - Present Federal Congressmen and State Representatives elected for the office of Vice-Mayor, if called to exercise the office of Mayor, shall not lose their parliamentary office.

Paragraph 4 - The number of Councilmen per municipality shall be determined, for the representation to be elected in 1988, by the respective Regional Electoral Court, with due regard for the limits established in article 29, IV, of the Constitution.

Paragraph 5 - For the elections to be held on November 15, 1988, except for those who already hold an elective office, the spouse and relatives by blood or marriage up to the second degree or relatives by adoption of the President of the Republic, of a State Governor, or the Governor of the Federal District and of a Mayor who have served more than half of their term of office, are ineligible for any office within the jurisdiction of the office holder.

Article 6.Federal Congressmen may, during the six months following the promulgation of the Constitution, and forming a group of at least thirty, request from the Superior Electoral Court the registration of a new political party, the petition to be accompanied by the respective manifest, the by-laws and the programme duly signed by the petitioners.

Paragraph 1 - The provisional registration, which shall be promptly granted by the Superior Electoral Court, according to this article, grants to the new party all rights, duties and prerogatives of the existing parties, among which the right to take part, under its own name, in the elections to be held during the twelve months following its formation.

Paragraph 2 - The new party shall automatically lose its provisional registration if, within twenty-four months of its formation, it fails to obtain the final registration at the Superior Electoral Court, as established by law.

Article 7.Brazil shall strive for the creation of an international court of human rights.

Article 8.Amnesty is granted to those who, during the period from September 18, 1946, to the date the Constitution is promulgated, have been affected exclusively for political reasons, by institutional or supplementary acts of exception, to those encompassed in Legislative Decree No. 18, of December 15, 1961, and to those affected by Decree-Law No. 846, of September 12 1969, ensuring the promotions, in their inactivity, to the office, position or rank to which they would be entitled if they were in active service. with due regard for the periods of continuous activity set forth in laws and regulations in force, respecting the characteristics and peculiarities of the careers-of civil and military public servants and complying with the respective legal regimes.

Paragraph I - The provisions of this article shall only generate financial effects as from the promulgation of the Constitution, any kind of retroactive compensation being forbidden.

Paragraph 2 - The benefits established in this article are ensured to workers of the private sector, union officers and representatives who, for exclusively political reasons, have been punished, dismissed or compelled to leave the remunerated activities they had been performing, as well as to those who have been prevented from performing their professional activities by virtue of ostensive pressures or secret official procedures.

Paragraph 3 - Reparation of economic nature shall be granted, as set forth by a law to be proposed by the National Congress and to become effective within twelve months counted from the promulgation of the Constitution, to citizens who were prevented from performing, as civilians, a specific professional activity by virtue of Reserved Ordinances of the Ministry of the Air Force No. S-50-GM5 of June 19, 1964, and No. S-285-GM5.

Paragraph 4 - To those who, by virtue of institutional acts, have gratuitously exercised elective offices of city councilmen, the respective periods shall be computed for purposes of social security and retirement from civil service.

Paragraph 5 - The amnesty granted under this article applies to civil servants and to employees at all levels of government or at its foundations, state-owned companies or mixed capital companies under state control, except in the military Ministries, who have been punished or dismissed from professional activities interrupted by decision of their employees, as well as by virtue of Decree-Law No. 1,632, of August 4, 1978, or for exclusively political reasons, the readmission of those affected as from 1979 being ensured, with due regard for the provisions of paragraph 1.

Article 9.Those who, for exclusively political reasons, were disfranchised or had their political rights suspended during the period from July 15 to December 31, 1969, by an act of the then President of the Republic, may request the Supreme Federal Court to acknowledge the rights and advantages interrupted by the punitive acts, provided that they prove that such acts were marked by gross flaws.

Sole paragraph - The Supreme Federal Court shall pronounce its decision within one hundred and twenty days as from the request of the interested party.

Article 10.Until the supplementary law referred to in article 7, I, of the Constitution is promulgated:

1. the protection referred to therein is limited to the increase, to four times, of the percentage set forth in article 6, caption and paragraph l, of the Law No. 5,107 of September 13, 1966;
2. arbitrary dismissal or dismissal without just cause is prohibited:
   1. of an employee elected to an executive office of internal accident prevention committees, from the date of the registration of his candidacy to one year after the end of his term of office;
   2. of a pregnant employee, from the date the pregnancy is confirmed to five months after delivery.

Paragraph 2 - Until further legal provisions are established, the contributions to fund the activities of rural unions shall be collected together with the rural property tax, by the same collecting agency.

Paragraph 3 - Upon the first proof of fulfillment of labour obligations by rural employers, as established by article 233, after the promulgation of the Constitution, the conformity of the contract to the law and of the connection of the labour obligations over the entire period shall be certified before the Labour Courts.

Article 11.Each Legislative Assembly endowed with constituent powers, shall draft the State Constitution within one year as from the promulgation of the Federal Constitution, with due regard for the principles of the latter.

Sole paragraph - After the promulgation of the State Constitution, it shall be incumbent upon the City Council, within six months, to vote the respective Organic Law, in two rounds of discussion and voting, with due regard for the provisions of the Federal and state Constitutions.

Article 12.Within ninety days of the promulgation of the Constitution, a Land Studies Committee shall be created, with ten members nominated by the National Congress and five members by the Executive Power, for the purpose of submitting studies concerning the national territory and draft bills regarding new territorial units, particularly in the Legal Amazonian Region and in areas pending solution.

Paragraph 1 - Within one year the Committee shall submit the results of its studies to the National Congress so that, in accordance with the Constitution, such studies may be examined during the twelve subsequent months, the committee being dissolved shortly thereafter.

Paragraph 2 - The states and the municipalities shall, within three years of the promulgation of the Constitution, provide, by agreement or adjustment, for the demarcation of their borders presently in litigation, and they may for such purpose effect area alterations and compensations which allow for natural phenomena, historical criteria, administrative ease and convenience of the bordering populations.

Paragraph 3 - At the request of the interested states and municipalities, the Union may undertake the demarcation work.

Paragraph 4 - If, three years after the promulgation of the Constitution, the demarcation work has not been completed, the Union shall determine the borders of the areas under litigation.

Paragraph 5 - The present borders of the state of Acre with the states of Amazonas and Rondonia are hereby recognized and ratified according to cartographic and geodesic surveys conducted by the Tripartite Committee formed by representatives of the states and of the specialized technical services of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics

Article 13. The state of Tocantins is created by separation of the area described in this article and its installation shall occur on the forty-sixth day after the election provided for in paragraph 3, but not before January 1. 1989.

Paragraph 1 - The state of Tocantins is part of the Northern Region and borders with the state of Goi s along the northern boundaries of the municipalities of S30 Miguel do Araguaia, Porangatu, Formoso, Mina‡u, Cavalcante, Monte Alegre de Goi s and Campos Belos, maintaining the present eastern, northern and western borders of Goi s with the states of Bah¡a, Piau¡, Maranhao, Pará and Mato Grosso.

Paragraph 2 - The Executive Power shall designate one of the cities of the state as its provisional capital until such time as the final seat of government is approved by the Constituent Assembly.

Paragraph 3 - The Governor, the Vice-Governor, the Senators and the Federal and State Deputies shall be elected, in a single voting, within seventy- five days after the promulgation of the Constitution, but not before November 15, 1988, at the discretion of the Superior Electoral Court, with due regard, among others, for the following rules:

1. the deadline for affiliation of the candidates to the parties shall end seventy-five days prior to the date of the elections;
2. the dates for the regional party conventions for the purpose of deciding upon coalitions and choice of candidates, for the presentation of the application for registration of the candidates chosen and for the other legal procedures shall be determined by the Electoral Courts in a special schedule;
3. the holders of state or municipal offices who have not left such offices on a definitive basis seventy-five days prior to the date of the elections provided for in this paragraph shall be ineligible;
4. the present regional committees of the political parties of the state of Goi s are maintained, it being incumbent upon the national executive committees to appoint provisional committees for the state of Tocantins, in accordance with and for the purposes established by law.

Paragraph 5 - The State Constituent Assembly shall be installed on the forty-sixth day as from the election of its members, but not before January I9 1989, under the chairmanship of the President of the Regional Electoral Court of the state of Goi s, and shall on the same date inaugurate the elected Governor and Vice-Governor.

Paragraph 6 - The legal rules regulating the division of the state of Mato Grosso shall apply, where appropriate, to the creation and installation of the state of Tocantins with due regard for the provisions of article 234 of the Constitution.

Paragraph 7 - The state of Goi s shall be released from debts and burdens resulting from undertakings within the territory of the new state, and the Union is authorized, at its discretion, to take over such debts.

Article 14.The federal territories of Roraima and of Amap  are transformed into federated states, their present geographic borders being maintained.

Paragraph 1 - The installation of the states shall occur upon the inauguration of the governors elected in 1990.

Paragraph 2 - The rules and criteria adopted for the creation of the state of Rondonia shall apply to the transformation and installation of the states of Roraima and Amap , with due regard for the provisions of the Constitution :and of the Act

Paragraph 3 - The President of the Republic shall!, within forty-five days of the promulgation of the Constitution, submit for examination by the Federal Senate the names of the governors of the states of Roraima and Amap  who shall exercise the Executive Power until the new states are installed with the inauguration of the elected governors.

Paragraph 4 - Until the transformation into states is effected according to this article, the federal territories of Roraima and Amap  shall enjoy the benefits of transfer of funds provided for in article 159, I, a, of the Constitution and article 34, paragraph 2, II, of this Act.

Article 15.The Federal Territory of Fernando de Noronha is extinguished and its area reincorporated into the state of Pernambuco.

Article 16.Until the provisions of article 32, paragraph 2, of the Constitution are implemented, it shall be incumbent upon the President of the Republic, with the approval of the Federal Senate, to appoint the Governor and Vice- Governor of the Federal District.

Paragraph 1 - The authority of the Legislative Chamber of the Federal District shall, until such time as it is installed, be exercised by the Federal Senate

Paragraph 2 - The accounting, financial, budgetary, operational and property supervision of the Federal District shall, until such time as the Legislative Chamber is installed, be carried out by the Federal Senate, by means of external control, with the assistance of the Court of Accounts of the Federal District, with due regard for the provisions of article 72 of the Constitution.

Paragraph 3 - The assets of the Federal District shall include those which may be assigned to it by the Union as established by law.

Article 17. Earnings, compensation, advantages and additional pay, as well as retirement pensions which are being received in disagreement with this Constitution, shall be reduced immediately to the limits arising therefrom, it not being allowed, in this case, to invoke a vested right or receipt of excess on any account.

Paragraph 1 - It is ensured the cumulative occupation of two medical offices or jobs that are held by a military physician in the direct or indirect government administration.

Paragraph 2 - The cumulative occupation of two offices or jobs reserved for health professionals is ensured if held in the direct or indirect government administration.

Article 18.The legal effects of any legislative or administrative act drawn up as of the installation of the National Constituent Assembly, with the objective of granting tenure to a public servant admitted without a public entrance examination to the direct or indirect administration, including the foundations instituted and maintained by the Government, shall be extinguished.

Article 19.Civil public servants of the Union, the states, the Federal District and the municipalities, of the direct administration, autonomous government entities and government foundations, who, on the date of promulgation of the Constitution, have been in office for at least five continuous years, and who have not been admitted as established in article 37 of the Constitution, are deemed to have tenure in the public service.

Paragraph 1 - The period of service of the civil servants referred to in this article shall be considered as a credential when they take a competitive examination for the purpose of acquiring tenure. as set forth by law.

Paragraph 2 - The provisions of this article do not apply to the holders of trust or commission functions and jobs nor to those who are legally subject to free discharge, whose period of service shall not be computed for the purposes of the caption of this article, exception being made for public servants.

Paragraph 3 - The provisions of this article shall not apply to higher education professors as set forth by law.

Article 20.Within one hundred and eighty days, the rights of inactive public servants and pensioners shall be revised and the income and pensions owed to them shall be updated in order to adjust them to the provisions of the Constitution.

Article 21. Judges vested in office for a limited period of time, who have been admitted by means of a public entrance examination of tests and presentation of academic and professional credentials and w ho are in office on the date this Constitution is promulgated, shall achieve tenure with due regard for the probation period and they shall become part of a staff in extinction, maintaining the authority, prerogatives and restrictions of the laws to which they were subject, except for those inherent to the temporary nature of their investiture.

Sole paragraph - The retirement of the judges referred to in this article shall be regulated by the rules established for other state judges.

Article 22.Public defenders vested in office before the date of installation of the National Constituent Assembly are ensured the right to opt for the career, complying with the guarantees and prohibitions set forth in article 134, sole paragraph. of the Constitution.

Article 23.Until such time as the regulations of article 21, XVI of the Constitution are issued, the present holders of the office of federal censor shall continue to exercise functions compatible with such office in the Federal Police Department, with due regard for the constitutional provisions.

Sole paragraph - Such law shall provide for the reassignment of the Federal Censors as set forth in this article.

Article 24.The Union. the states, the Federal District and the municipalities shall issue laws establishing criteria to make their staffs compatible with the provisions of article 39 of the Constitution and with the administrative reorganization resulting therefrom, within eighteen months as from the promulgation of the Constitution.

Article 25.As of one hundred and eighty days after the promulgation of the Constitution, such period being subject to extension by law, all legal provisions which confer on or delegate to an agency of the Executive Power authority assigned to the National Congress by the Constitution shall be revoked, especially those referring to:

1. normative action;
2. allocation or transfer of funds of some kind.

1. if issued up to September 2, 1988, they shall be examined by the National Congress within one hundred and eighty days as from the date of the promulgation of the Constitution, not counting the parliamentary recess:
2. if the time limit defined in the preceding item elapses without the decree-laws mentioned therein having been examined, they shall be considered rejected;
3. in the cases defined in items I and II, the acts performed during the effectiveness of the respective decree-laws shall be fully valid and the National Congress may, if necessary, legislate on their remaining effects.

Article 26. Within one year of promulgation of the Constitution, the National Congress shall effect, through a joint committee, an analytical and expert examination of the acts and facts which generate the Brazilian foreign indebtedness.

Paragraph 1 - The Committee shall have the legal authority of a parliamentary investigation committee for purposes of requisition and summons, and shall act with the assistance of the Court of Accounts of the Union.

Paragraph 2 - If irregularities are found, the National Congress shall propose that the Executive Power declare the act null and void and shall forward the case to the Federal Public Prosecution, which shall take the appropriate action within sixty days.

Article 27. The Superior Court of Justice shall be installed under the Presidency of the Supreme Federal Court.

Paragraph I - Until such time as the Superior Court of Justice is installed, the Supreme Federal Court shall perform the duties and responsibilities defined in the previous constitutional order.

Paragraph 2 - The initial composition of the Superior Court of Justice shall be obtained

1. by reassignment of Justices of the Federal Court of Appeals;
2. by appointment of the Justices required to complete the number established in the Constitution.

Paragraph 4 - Once the Court has been installed, the retired Justices of the Federal Court of Appeals shall automatically become retired Justices of the Superior Court of Justice.

Paragraph 5 - The Justices referred to in paragraph 2, II, shall be nominated in a triple list by the Federal Court of Appeals, with due regard for the provisions of article 104, sole paragraph, of the Constitution.

Paragraph 6 - Five Federal Regional Courts of Justice are hereby created, to be installed within six months of the promulgation of the Constitution, with the jurisdiction and seat assigned to them by the Federal Court of Appeals. taking into account the number of lawsuits and their geographical location.

Paragraph 7 - Until such time as the Federal Regional Courts of Justice are installed, the Federal Court of Appeals shall exercise the authority attributed to them throughout the national territory, it being incumbent upon it their installation and nomination of candidates for all initial offices by means of a triple list which may include federal judges of any region, with due regard for the provisions of paragraph 9.

Paragraph 8 - As from promulgation of the Constitution, it is forbidden to fill vacant offices of Justices of the Federal Court of Appeals.

Paragraph 9 - If there is no federal judge with the minimum period of service set forth in article 107, II, of the Constitution, the promotion may be granted to a judge with less than five years of office.

Paragraph 10 - It is incumbent upon the Federal Courts to judge the lawsuits filed therein until such time as the Constitution is promulgated, and the Federal Regional Courts as well as the Superior Court of Justice shall judge the rescissory actions for the decisions rendered until then by the Federal Courts, including those which refer to matters for which competence has been transferred to another branch of the Judicial Power.

Article 28. The federal judges referred to in article 123, paragraph 2, of the Constitution of 1967, with the wording given by the Constitutional Amendment No. 7 of 1977, shall be vested in office in courts of the judiciary section for which they were appointed or designated; if there are no vacancies, the existing courts shall be divided.

Sole paragraph - For purposes of promotion for seniority, the period of service of such judges shall be computed as from the day of their taking of office.

Article 29.Until such time as the supplementary laws relating to the Public Prosecution and to the Advocacy-General of the Union are approved, the Federal Public Prosecution, the Office of the Attorney-General of the National Treasury the Legal Consultancies of the Ministries, the Prosecution and Legal Departments of the federal autonomous government agencies having their own representation, and the members of the Prosecution Offices of public foundation universities shall continue to conduct their activities within their respective incumbencies.

Paragraph I - The President of the Republic shall, within one hundred and twenty days, submit to the National Congress a bill of supplementary law dealing with the organization and operation of the Advocacy-General of the Union.

Paragraph 2 - The present Prosecutors of the Republic may, in accordance with the supplementary law, opt irrevocably between the careers of the Federal Public Prosecution and of the Advocacy-General of the Union

Paragraph 3 - A member of the Public Prosecution admitted prior to the promulgation of the Constitution may opt for the previous regime insofar as guarantees and advantages are concerned, with due regard, as to prohibitions. for the legal status on the date of such promulgation.

Paragraph 4 - The present members of the supplementary staff of the Labour and Military Public Prosecutions, who have acquired tenure in these functions! shall belong to the staff of the respective career

Paragraph 5 - It is incumbent upon the present Office of the Attorney General of the National Treasury, directly or by delegation, which may be added to the State Public Prosecution, to represent the Union in court in lawsuits a fiscal nature, In their respective spheres of authority, until such time as the supplementary laws set forth in this article are promulgated.

Article 30.The legislation which creates the justiceship of the peace shall maintain the present judges of the peace until the new judges take office. ensuring them the rights and duties conferred on the latter and shall establish the date for the election provided for in article 98, 11, of this Constitution.

Article 31.The clerical offices of the judicial courts, as defined in law, shall be brought under stale control, with due regard for the rights of the present clerks.

Article 32.The provisions of article 236 shall not apply to notary and registration services which have already been made official by the Government with due regard for the rights of their servants.

Article 33. With the exception of credits for alimony the amount due by virtue of court orders for which payment is outstanding on the date of the promulgation of the Constitution, therein included remaining interests and adjustment for inflation, may be paid in legal tender, with readjustments, in equal and successive annual instalments, within eight years at the most, counted from July 1, 1989, in accordance with a decision by the Executive Power within one hundred and eighty days of the promulgation of the Constitution.

Sole paragraph - In order to comply with the provisions of this article, the debtor entities may issue, each year, for the exact amount of the expenditure, public debt bonds which shall not be computed for purposes of determining the total limit of indebtedness.

Article 34. The national tax system shall become effective on the first day of the fifth month following the promulgation of the Constitution, and until then, the system set forth in the 1967 Constitution, with the wording provided by Amendment number I of 1969 and by the subsequent ones, shall be maintained.

Paragraph 1 - With the promulgation of this Constitution, articles 148, 149,150, 154, I,156, III and 159, I, c, shall become effective, with all provisions to the contrary in the 1967 Constitution and in the amendments which modified it, especially its article 25, III, being revoked.

Paragraph 2 - The Participation Fund of the States and the Federal District, and the Revenue Sharing Fund of the Municipalities shall obey the following determinations

1. from the date of the promulgation of the Constitution, the percentages shall be, respectively, of eighteen percent and twenty percent, calculated on the proceeds from the collection of the taxes referred to in article 153, III and IV, the present apportionment criteria being maintained until the supplementary law referred to in article 161, II becomes effective;
2. the percentage referring to the Participation Fund of the States and the Federal District shall be increased by one percent in the fiscal year of 19' and, as from and including 1990, by one half of one percent per fiscal year until and including 1992, reaching in 1993 the percentage established in article 159, I, a;
3. the percentage referring to the Participation Fund of the Municipalities, as from and including 1989 shall be increased by one half of one percent per fiscal year until it reaches the limit established in ar. ticle 159, I, b .

Paragraph 4 - The laws issued in accordance with the preceding paragraph produce effects as from the date the national tax system set forth in the Constitution becomes effective.

Paragraph 5 - Once the new national tax system is in force, the application of the preceding legislation shall be ensured in that in which it is not incompatible with the new system and with the legislation referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4.

Paragraph 6 - Until December 31, 1989, the provisions of article 150, III, b, shall not apply to the taxes referred to in articles 155, I, a and b, and 156, II and III, which may be collected thirty days after the publication of the law which has instituted or increased them.

Paragraph 7 - Until the maximum rates of the n municipal tax on retail sales of liquid and gaseous fuels have been established in a supplementary law, such rates shall not exceed three percent.

Paragraph 8 - If, within sixty days counted from the promulgation of the Constitution, the supplementary law required for the institution of the tax referred to in article 155, I, b, has not been issued, the states and the Federal District, by means of an agreement concluded in the manner set forth in Supplementary Law number 24 of January 7, 1975, shall establish the rules to regulate the matter provisionally.

Paragraph 9 - Until a supplementary law provides for the matter, electric power distribution companies, in the capacity of taxpayers or of substitute taxpayers, shall be liable? when the product leaves their facilities, even if the destination is another unit of the federation, for the payment of the tax on the circulation of goods levied on electric power, from production or importation to the last operation, such tax being calculated on the price charged on the occasion of the final operation, its collection being ensured to the state or the Federal District, depending on the place where such operation occurs.

Paragraph 10 - Until the law provided by article 159, I, c, which shall be promulgated by December 31, 1989, becomes effective, the application of the funds set forth in that provision shall be ensured in the following manner:

1. six-tenths of one percent in the Northern Region, through the Banco da Amazonia S.A.:
2. one and eight-tenths percent in the Northeastern Region, through the Banco do Nordeste do Brasil S.A.:
3. six-tenths of one percent in the Centre-West Region, through the Banco do Brasil S.A.

Paragraph 12 - The urgency provided by article 148, II, shall not preclude the collection of the compulsory loan instituted for the benefit of the Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A. (Eletrobrá s) by Law number 4,156 of November 28, 1962, with the subsequent amendments.

Article 35. provisions of article 165, paragraph 7, shall be complied with progressively, over a period of ten years, the funds being distributed among the macro-economic regions in proportion to their population, based on the situation verified for the 1986-87 period.

Paragraph 1 - In the application of the criteria referred to in this article, the total expenses shall exclude expenses for:

1. projects considered as priorities in the pluriannual plan;
2. national security and defense;
3. maintenance of the federal agencies in the Federal District;
4. the National Congress, the Federal Court of Accounts and the Judicial Power;
5. the servicing of the debt of the direct and indirect administration of the Union, including foundations instituted and maintained by the Federal Government.

1. the project of the pluriannual plan, to be in force until the end of the first fiscal year of the subsequent presidential term of office, shall be forwarded not less than four months before the end of the first fiscal year and returned for sanction before the end of the legislative session;
2. the bill of budgetary directives shall be forwarded not less than eight and a half months before the end of the fiscal year and returned for sanction before the end of the first period of the legislative session;
3. the budget bill of the Union shall be forwarded not less than four months before the end of the fiscal year. and returned for sanction before the end of the legislative session.

Article 37. Adaptation to the provisions of article 167, III, shall be made within the period of five years, the excess being reduced at a rate of at least one-fifth per year.

Article 38. Until the promulgation of the supplementary law referred to in article 169, the Union, the states. the Federal District and the municipalities shall not spend more than sixty-five percent of the amount of the respective current revenues on personnel.

Sole paragraph - The Union, the states, the Federal District and the municipalities, whenever the respective expenditure with personnel exceeds the limit established in this article, shall return to such limit, reducing the excess percentage at a rate of one-fifth per year.

Article 39. For purposes of compliance with the constitutional provisions which involve variations of expenses and revenues of the Union, after the promulgation of the Constitution, the Executive Power shall draw up and the Legislative Power shall examine a bill of review of the budgetary law referring to the fiscal year of 1989.

Sole paragraph - The National Congress shall vote within twelve months the supplementary law provided by article 161. II.

Article 40.The Free-Trade Zone of Manaus, with its characteristics of free- trade, export and import and fiscal benefits, shall be maintained for a period of twenty-five years as from the promulgation of the Constitution

Sole paragraph - The criteria which regulated or may come to regulate the approval of projects in the Free-Trade Zone of Manaus may only be modified by a federal law.

Article 41. The Executive Powers of the Union, the states, the Federal District and the municipalities shall reassess all sectorial tax incentives now in force and shall propose the appropriate measures to the respective Legislative Powers.

Paragraph 1 - The incentives which are not confirmed by law within two years of the promulgation of the Constitution shall be considered revoked.

Paragraph 2 - Revocation shall not preclude any rights which have become vested before that date, in relation to incentives granted under conditions and for a set period af time.

Paragraph 3 - Incentives granted by means of agreements concluded between states, in accordance with article 23, paragraph 6 of the 1967 Constitution, with the wording of Amendment number 1, of October 17, 1969, shall also be reassessed and reconfirmed within the time limits set forth in this article

Article 42.Of the funds intended for irrigation, during a period of fifteen years, the Union shall apply:

1. twenty percent in the Centre-West Region;
2. fifty percent in the Northeastern Region, preferably in the semi-arid region.

Article 44.The Brazilian companies which presently hold valid prospecting authorizations and permits for the mining of mineral resources and the exploitation of hydraulic energy shall have four years, counted from the date of the promulgation of the Constitution, to comply with the requirements of article 176, paragraph 1.

Paragraph I - Except for the provisions of national interest set forth in the constitutional text, Brazilian companies shall be exempt from compliance w ith the provisions of article 176, paragraph 1, provided that, within four years counted from the date of the promulgation of the Constitution they have destined the product of their mining and processing activities to industrialization within the national territory, in their own facilities or in a controlling or controlled industrial company.

Paragraph 2 - Brazilian c-ompanies which hold a hydraulic energy concession for use in their industrial processes shall also be exempted from compliance with the provisions of article 176, Paragraph 1.

Paragraph 3 - The Brazilian companies referred to in paragraph 1 may only be granted prospecting authorizations or concessions to mine or exploit hydraulic energy potentials provided that the energy and the mining product are used in their respective industrial processes

Article 45.Refineries which operate in the country under article 43 and under the conditions of article 45 of Law number 2,004 of October 3, 1953, are excluded from the monopoly established by article 177, II, of the Constitution.

Sole paragraph - Risk contracts entered into with Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. (Petrobrás) for petroleum prospecting, which are effective on the date of the promulgation of the Constitution are exempted from the prohibition of article 177, paragraph 1.

Article 46. Credits with institutions under intervention or extrajudicial liquidation, even when such proceedings are converted into bankruptcy, are subject to adjustment for inflation from the date of maturity to the date of actual payment, with no interruption or suspension.

Sole paragraph - The provisions of this article shall also apply to:

1. transactions made after the proceedings referred to in the caption of this article have been decreed
2. loan, financing and refinancing transactions, transactions of financial assistance for liquidity purposes, assignment or subrogation of credits or mortgage bonds, guarantee of deposits made by the public, or of purchase of liabilities, including those carried out with funds intended for such purposes:
3. credits existing prior to the promulgation of this Constitution;
4. credits held by public administration entities before the promulgation of this Constitution and not settled by January 1, 1988.

1. to micro and small businessmen or to their businesses in the period from February 28, 1986, to February 28, 1987:
2. to mini, small and medium rural producers in the period from February 28, 1986, to December 31, 1987, provided that it refers to rural credit

Paragraph 2 - Classification as a mini, small or medium rural producer shall be made in accordance with the rural credit rules in force at the time of the contract.

Paragraph 3 - Exemption from adjustment for inflation referred to in this article shall only be granted in the following cases:

1. if the initial debt, plus legal interests and judicial fees, are settled within ninety days of promulgation of this Constitution;
2. if the application of the funds is not contrary to the purpose of the financing, the burden of proof lying with the creditor institution;
3. if the creditor institution does not show that the borrower has the means to pay his debt, such means excluding the business of the borrower, the house where he lives, as well as his work and production instruments;
4. if the initial financing does not exceed the limit of five thousand National Treasury Bonds;
5. if the beneficiary is not the owner of more than five rural modules.

Paragraph 5 - In the event of transactions maturing after the deadline for settlement of the debt, should the borrower be interested, the banks and the financial institutions shall effect, by a specific instrument, an amendment to the original conditions of the contract so as to adjust them to this benefit.

Paragraph 6 - The granting of this benefit by private commercial banks shall not, under any circumstances, entail a burden to the Government, even if made by refinancing and on-lending of funds by the central bank.

Paragraph 7 - In the case of on-lending to official financial agents or credit cooperatives, the burden shall fall upon the original source of funds.

Article 48.The National Congress, within one hundred and twenty days of the promulgation of this Constitution, shall draw up a consumer defense code.

Article 49.The law shall provide for the institution of emphyteusis concerning urban real property, the tenants having the option, in the event of extinction, of redemption of the emphyteusis, by acquisition of direct title in accordance with the provisions contained in the respective contracts.

Paragraph 1 - In the absence of a contractual clause, the criteria and bases currently in force in the special legislation on real estate of the Union shall be adopted.

Paragraph 2 - The rights of present registered occupants shall be ensured be application of another kind of contract.

Paragraph 3 - Emphyteusis shall continue to be applied to tide lands and those lands added to them, which are located within the security strip extending from the coast line.

Paragraph 4 - After redemption of the emphyteusis, the former holder of direct title shall, within ninety days, subject to liability, entrust all documents related to such title to the custody of the competent real estate registry.

Article 50.An agricultural law to be promulgated within one year shall provide, in accordance with this Constitution, for the objectives and instruments of agricultural policy, priorities, crop planning, marketing, internal supply, foreign market and institution of agrarian credit.

Article 51.All donations, sales and concessions of public land with an area of more than three thousand hectares. made in the period from January 1, 1962, to December 31, 1987, shall be reviewed by the National Congress, by a joint committee, during the three years following the promulgation of the Constitution

Paragraph I - Insofar as sales are concerned, the review shall be based exclusively on the criterion of lawfulness of the transaction.

Paragraph 2 - In the case of concessions and donations, the review shall comply with the criteria of lawfulness and of convenience of public interest

Paragraph 3 - In the cases set forth in the preceding paragraphs, if illegality i s pr oven or if there is public interest, the lands shall revert to the ownership of the Union, of the states, of the Federal District or of the municipalities

Article 52. Until the conditions referred to in article 192 III, are established it shall be forbidden

1. the installation, in the country, of new branches of financial institutions domiciled abroad;
2. increase of percentual participation of individuals and legal entities resident or domiciled abroad in the capital of financial institutions with headquarters in Brazil.

Article 53. Veterans who have actually participated in war operations during the Second World War, in accordance with Law number 5,315 of September 12, 1967, shall be ensured the following rights

1. admission to public service without being required to undergo a public entrance examination, with tenure;
2. special pension corresponding to that of Second Lieutenant of the Armed Forces, which may be applied for at any time and may not be accumulated with any other earnings received from the public treasury, except for social security benefits the right to opt being ensured;
3. in case of death, proportional pension to the widowed companion or dependent, in an amount equal to that of the preceding item;
4. free medical, hospital and educational assistance extending to dependants;
5. retirement with full pay after twenty-five years of actual service under any juridical system
6. priority in the acquisition of a home for those who do not own one or for their widows or companions

Article 54. Rubber-tappers recruited in accordance with Decree-Law number 5,813 of September 14, 1943, and protected by Decree-Law number 9,882 of September 16, 1946, shall receive, when needy, a monthly pension for life in the amount of two minimum wages.

Paragraph 1 - The benefit extends to rubber-tappers who, at the request of the Brazilian Government, contributed to the war effort by working in rubber production in the Amazonian Region during the Second World War.

Paragraph 2 - The benefits established in this article may be transferred to dependants who are provenly needy.

Paragraph 3 - The concession of the benefit shall be done in accordance with the law to be proposed by the Executive Power within one hundred and fifty days of the promulgation of the Constitution.

Article 55. Until such time as the law of budgetary directives is approved, at least thirty percent of the social welfare budget, excluding unemployment insurance, shall be allocated to the health sector.

Article 56. Until such time as the law regulates article 195, I, the revenues resulting from at least five of the six tenths of one percent corresponding to the rate of the contribution referred to in Decree-Law number 1940 of May 25, 1982, as amended by Decree-Law number 2,049 of August 1, 1983, by Decree number 91,236 of May 8, 1985, and by Law number 7,611 of July 8, 1987, shall become part of the social welfare revenues, excepting, exclusively in the fiscal year of 1988, commitments assumed for ongoing programmes and projects.

Article 57. The debts of the states and municipalities related to social security contributions up to June 30, 1988, shall be settled, with adjustment for inflation, in one hundred and twenty monthly instalments, with the waiver of the interests and penalties applicable thereto, provided the debtors request installment payment and begin such payment within one hundred and eighty days of the promulgation of this Constitution.

Paragraph 1 - The amount to be paid in each of the first two years shall not be less than five percent of the total consolidated and updated debt, the balance to be divided into equal monthly instalments.

Paragraph 2 - Settlement may include payments by assignment of assets and rendering of services, as set forth in Law number 7,578 of December 23. 1986.

Paragraph 3 - As guarantee for the payment of the instalments, the states and municipalities shall each year consign in their respective budgets the appropriations required for the payment of their debts.

Paragraph 4 - If any of the conditions established for the concession of installment payment are not met, the debt shall be considered as due and payable in full and liable for default interest; in such case, the portion of the funds corresponding to the Participation Funds intended for the debtor states and municipalities shall be blocked and transferred to the social security for payment of their debts.

Article 58. Benefits paid on a continuous basis and maintained by social security on the date of the promulgation of the Constitution shall have their values reviewed so as to re-establish their purchasing power expressed in terms of the numbers of minimum wages they represented on the date on which they were granted, such updating criterion to be adopted until the plan of funding and benefits referred to in the following article is implemented.

Sole paragraph - The monthly benefit payments updated in accordance with this a article shall be due and paid as from the seventh month after the promulgation of the Constitution.

Article 59.The bills of law for the organization of social welfare and for the plan of funding and benefits shall be submitted, not more than six months after the promulgation of the Constitution, to the National Congress, which shall have six months to examine them

Sole paragraph - Upon approval by the National Congress, the plans shall be implemented progressively in the following eighteen months.

*Article 60. In the first ten years after the promulgation of this Amendment, the states, the Federal District and the municipalities shall allocate no less than 60% of the funds referred to in the caption of article 212 of the Federal Constitution, to the maintenance and development of elementary education, aiming at the assurance of the universalization of the service and the payment of appropriate salaries to the teachers.

Paragraph I - The distribution of responsibilities and resources between the states and their municipalities, to be effected with part of the resources defi ned in this article, as set forth in article 211 of the Federal Constitution, is assured through the establishment, within each state and the Federal District, of a Fund for the Maintenance and Development of the Elementary Education and f or the Increase of the Worth of the Teaching Profession, of a financial nature.

Paragraph 2 - The Fund referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be made up by, at least, fifteen percent of the resources referred to in articles 155, item ll; 158, item lV; and 159, item l, subitems a and b; and item lI, of the Federal Constitution, and shall be distributed among each state and its municipalities in proportion to the number of students in the respective elementary education networks

Paragraph 3 - The Union shall supplement the resources of the Funds referred to in paragraph 1, whenever in each state and in the Federal District its value per student does not reach the nationally set minimum.

Paragraph 4 - The Union, the states, the Federal District and the municipalities shall effect, during a period of five years, progressive adjustments of their contributions to the Fund, so as to guarantee a value per student corresponding to a minimum quality standard of education, defi ned at the national level.

Paragraph 5 - A share of not less than 60% of the resources of each Fund referred to in paragraph I shall be used for the payment of elementary education teachers actually teaching

Paragraph 6 - The Union shall apply never less than 30 percent of the resources referred to in the caption of article 212 of the Federal Constitution to the eradication of illiteracy and to the maintenance and development of the elementary education including the supplementation referred to in paragraph 3.

Paragraph 7 - The law shall provide for the organization of the Funds, the proportional distribution of its resources, its oversight and control, as well as for the way to calculate the national minimum value per student.

___________
*CA 14/96

Article 61. The educational entities referred to in article 213, as well as the educational and research foundations whose creation has been authorized by law, which meet the requirements of items I and II of such article and which have, in the last three years, received public funds, may continue to receive such funds, unless otherwise established by law.

Article 62.The law shall create the National Rural Apprenticeship Service (SENAR), based on the legislation for the National Industrial Apprenticeship Service (SENAI), and the National Commercial Apprenticeship Service (SENAC), without prejudice to the incumbencies of the government agencies engaged in the area.

Article 63. A Committee composed of nine members is hereby created, three of them from the Legislative Power, three from the Judicial Power and three from the Executive Power, to promote the commemorations of the centennial of the proclamation of the Republic and of the promulgation of the first republican Constitution of the country, and such committee may, at its discretion, be subdivided into as many subcommittees as may be necessary.

Sole paragraph - In the carrying out of its duties the Committee shall conduct studies, debates and assessments of the political, social, economic and cultural development of the country, and may join efforts with state and municipal governments and with public and private institutions desiring to take part in the events.

Article 64. The National Press and other printing departments of the Union. the states, the Federal District and the municipalities, of the direct or indirect administration, including foundations instituted and maintained by the Government, shall provide for a popular edition of the full text of the Constitution, which shall be made available free of charge, to schools and public registry offices, to unions, military barracks, churches and other community organizations, in order that each Brazilian citizen may receive from the State a copy of the Brazilian Constitution

Article 65. The Legislative Power shall, within twelve months, regulate the article 220, paragraph 4.

Article 66. The public telecommunications utility concessions presently in force shall be maintained, as established by law.

Article 67. The Union shall conclude the demarcation of the Indian lands within five years of the promulgation of the Constitution.

Article 68. Final ownership shall be recognized for the remaining members of the ancient runaway slave communities who are occupying their lands and the state shall grant them the respective title deeds.

Article 69. The states shall be allowed to maintain legal consultancy offices independent from their Attorney-General Offices or Advocacy-General Offices, provided that they have separate agencies for the respective functions on the date of the promulgation of this Constitution.

Article 70. The present competence of the state courts shall be maintained until it is defined in the State Constitution, as established in article 125 paragraph 1, of the Constitution.

*Article 71. The Emergency Social Fund is hereby instituted for the fiscal years of 1994 and 1995, as well as for the period from January 1, 1996 through June 30, 1997, and from July 1, 1997 through December 31, 1999, aiming at the financial recuperation of the Federal Public Finances and the economic stabilization, the resources of which shall be applied primarily to the actions of the health and education systems, including the supplementation of resources set forth in paragraph 3 of Article 60, of the Temporary Constitutional Provisions Act, the welfare benefits and welfare assistance of a permanent nature, including the payment of welfare debts and budgetary expenditures associated to programs of great economic and social interest.

Paragraph I - The provision of the final part of item 11 of paragraph 9 of article 165 of the Constitution shall not apply to the Fund established by this article.

Paragraph 2 - From the beginning of the 1996 fiscal year on, the Fund established by this article shall be called Fiscal Stabilization Fund.

Paragraph 3 - The Executive Power shall publish, on a bimonthly basis, a budget execution statement, which statement shall list the sources and applications of the Fund established by this article.

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* CA 10/96 and CA 17/97

*Article 72.The Emergency Social Fund is comprised of:

1. the proceeds from the collection of the tax on income and earnings of any nature to be levied at source on payments of any nature effected by the Union including its autonomous government agencies and foundations.
2. the part of the proceeds from the collection of the tax on income and earnings of any nature, and of the tax on credit, foreign exchange and insurance transactions, or transactions relating to bonds and securities, resulting from the changes generated by Law 8,894 of June 21, 1994, and by Laws 8,849 and 8,848, both dated January 28, 1994 and further modifications;
3. the part of the proceeds from the collection due to the increase of the rate of welfare contribution on the profit of taxpayers mentioned in paragraph I of article 22 of Law 8,212 of July 24, 1991, which, in the fiscal years of 1994 and 1995, as well as in the period from January 1, 1996 through June 30, 1997, shall be of 30 percent, subject to modification by ordinary law, the other stipulations of Law 7,8690f December 15, 1988 remaining unchanged;
4. twenty percent of the proceeds from the collection of all taxes and contributions to the Union, already instituted or to be instituted, except those provided by items I,II and III with due regard to the provisions of paragraphs 3 and 4;
5. the part of the proceeds from the collection of the contribution mentioned in Supplementary Law 7, of September 7, 1970, owed by the juridical entities referred to in item III of this article, which will be calculated, in the fiscal years of 1994 and 1995, as well as in the periods from January 1, 1996 through June 30, 1997, and from July 1, 1997 through December 31, 1999, through the employment of a rate of seventy-five hundredths of one percent, subject to modification by ordinary law, on the gross operating income, as defined in the legislation of income tax and earnings of any nature; and
6. other incomes defined in specific legislation.

Paragraph 2 - The parts referred to in items l, II, III and V shall be previously deducted from the calculation base of any legal or constitutional designation or participation, and the provisions of articles 159, 212 and 239 of the Constitution shall not apply to them.

Paragraph 3 - The part referred to in item IV shall be previously deducted from the calculation base of any constitutional or legal designation or participation stipulated by articles 153, paragraph 5, 157, 11, 212 and 239 of the Constitution.

Paragraph 4 - The provision of the former paragraph shall not apply to the resources provided by articles 158, II and 159 of the Constitution.

Paragraph 5 - The part of the resources originating from the tax on income and earnings of any nature, designated for the Emergency Social Fund, as provided by item 11 of this article, shall not exceed five and six-tenths of one percent of the total proceeds from its collection.

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*CA 10/96 and CA 17/97

Article 73. In the regulation of the Emergency Social Fund, the instrument provided by item V of article 59 of the Constitution may not be applied.

*Article 74. The Union may establish provisional contribution on the movement Or transmission of monies and of credits and rights of financial nature.

Paragraph I - The rate of the contribution mentioned in this article shall not exceed twenty-five hundredths of one percent, and the Executive Power may reduce it or reestablish it, in whole or in part, in the conditions and limits provided for by law.

Paragraph 2 - The provisions of Articles 153, paragraph 5, and 154, 1, of the Constitution shall not apply to the contribution mentioned in this article.

Paragraph 3 - The whole of the proceeds from the collection of the contribution mentioned in this Article shall be allocated to the National Health Foundation for the financing of health actions and services.

Paragraph 4 - The liability for the contribution mentioned in this article shall be governed by the provisions of Article 195, paragraph 6, of the Constitution, and it shall not be collected for longer than two years.

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* CA 12/96

Participants: Álvaro Dias - Antonio Britto - Bete Mendes - Borges da Silveira - Cardoso Alves - Edivaldo Holanda - Expedito Júnior - Fadah Gattass - Francisco Dias - Geovah Amarante - Hélio Gueiros - Horácio Ferraz - Hugo Napoledo - Iturival Nascimento - Ivan Bonato - Jorge Medauar- José Mendonça de Morais - Leopoldo Bessone - Marcelo Miranda - Mauro Fecury - Neuto de Conto - Mvaldo Machado - Oswaldo Lima Filho - Paulo Almada - Prisco Viana - Ralph Biasi - Rosário Congro Neto - Sérgio Naya - Tidei de Lima.

In Memoriam: Alair Ferreira - Antônio Farias - Fábio Lucena - Norberto Schwantes- Virvílio Távora. Official Journal, October 5, 1988.